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Many factors can affect the service life of an AR-15's barrel, including the quality of materials used as well as the typical firing conditions of the rifle. Sub-optimal construction or repeated heavy, extended use can accelerate the degradation of the barrel, impairing accuracy. So, exactly when should you replace or upgrade your AR-15's barrel?
In theory, barrels made from high-quality (4150 or 416R) steel should last longer and withstand harsher treatment than those utilizing more common metals like 4140 carbon steel. Stronger materials are naturally more resistant to extreme and / or rapidly changing temperatures, such as the heat generated from sustained fire over a short period.
This means that 4150 or 416R steel barrels will likely need to be swapped out less frequently than 4140 carbon steel barrels, depending on how often the shooter runs the rifle hot. While there are other variables, simply using superior materials could extend the barrel's life by as many as 5,000+ rounds.
When measuring the service life of an AR-15 barrel, speaking in terms of round count is commonplace because the terminology is accessible to shooters of virtually every skill level. Ballistics is a complex and nuanced subject that would require a dozen if not dozens of blogs to begin to explore adequately so for our purposes, we'll keep it simple and concise.
There are multiple forces at work each time a projectile is discharged from a firearm, including friction as the bullet follows the twist of the rifling inside the barrel. Consequently, each round fired causes the rifling to erode ever so slightly, which can eventually lead to a noticeable drop off in accuracy.
The barrel will often still function beyond this point, but will almost certainly not be as precise or reliable as it was in factory new condition. It is also important to note that high-volume shooting generating excessive heat may compound this issue, resulting in more rapid and drastic adverse effects.
While some manufacturers guarantee their barrels up to a certain round count, determining the right time to change barrels is ultimately a matter of considering both the barrel material and the overall round count of the firearm, as well as your subjective impressions and experiences when shooting.
Pay particular attention to how your grouping shifts over time, even when using quality ammo and employing proper technique. Alternatively, consider researching your exact barrel model and setting a target round count (i.e. 10,000-12,000 rounds) after which you will have the barrel inspected and, if necessary, replaced by a qualified gunsmith.
Of course, you can always swap barrels any time you want based on personal preference. The look and feel of different barrels can transform your shooting experience, plus a new barrel never hurts. After all, the only con is the time and expense of installing a new barrel in your firearm.
There are many high-quality AR-15 barrels available for purchase in 2023. To learn more about what makes a great barrel, be sure to watch our video below for our thoughts on the best materials, brands, etc. for a modern AR build.
Shop all AR-15 barrels!
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